The Salem Witchcraft Crisis Of 1692 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 909 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/21 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? Mary Beth Norton is a Historian and American History Professor at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. Norton has been instructing college students since 1971. Norton has graduated from the University of Michigan and she moved forward to earn a PhD with Harvard University. Norton is also the founder of the Womenrs Studies Program at Cornell University. Mary was the author of the book Founding Mothers and Fathers taking her to the final round for the Pulitzer Prize in history in 1997 (Baron Lecture-Mary Beth Norton). In the Devilrs Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 the events of the Salem Witch Crisis took place. Citizens of Massachusetts were in a wide range panic and the accusations of witches was getting out of control. Norton starts the novel with a thesis, I failed to anticipate when I first embarked on this project. (In the Devilrs Snare, Page 4, Paragraph 3). Norton expected to base this volume largely on a feminist reinterpretation of familiar materials, primarily the court records published in the Salem Witchcraft Papers and other documents commonly consulted by Salem scholars. (In the Devilrs Snare, Page 4, Paragraph 3). With a feministic mindset, she started her journey on research, but what she came to discover was a potential alternate cause for the crisis of 1692. What Norton found was a new interpretation of the witchcraft crisis (In the Devilrs Snare, Page 4, Paragraph 4). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Salem Witchcraft Crisis Of 1692" essay for you Create order Norton had realized multiple things with the time period of the 1690rs. The main idea of this book is to identify how the effects of two Indian Wars can cause massive amounts of confusion, stress, and chaos on a small town of Massachusetts. Norton identifies how the families of Salem and the surrounding areas where always threatened with attacks from the Wabanaki and similar Native American Tribes. Norton explains that in one occasion over 50 casualties occurred from a single Wabanaki attack on a northern frontier town. She explains how Salemrs puritan government, terrified and defensive due to failures of protecting the frontier from French and Indian attacks, lead to a massive doubt in God. How could God let the Puritan citizens be murdered while they worship him so frequently and thoroughly? Norton adds vast amount of detail of the trials. A few indications of witchcraft include: Visually witnessing a specter of a person or animal levitating from the ground, frequent murders occurring within the area, consorting with animals, possessing the ?Devils Mark (typically a growth or birthmark), unusual strength for a female, and the inability to successfully repeat the Lords Prayer. These were the highlighted signs that a person was possessed by the devil. Norton explained that the numbers for the accused were in the hundreds, specifically 144 in total. 106 women and 38 men were prosecuted by the Puritan judicial system. Fourteen women and five men were hanged until dead during a trial. One man was crushed by the weight of stones during another trial. Three women, a man, and countless infants passed away while imprisoned for pleading guilty to witchcraft. All parties who had confessed to being guilty during the trials were not executed. Death was usually brought by the trials as proof of witchcraft. Norton also thoroughly explains how the citizens were extremely intelligent during this time period, and social classes identified who was likely to be prosecuted for witchcraft. Personally, the book was interesting, but difficult to get through. There is a hefty amount of detail pertaining to this topic. Nortonrs interpretation of this historical event has made me think outside of basic social classes and politics. Nortonrs book focuses on alternative ideas such as war, mental stability, and the level of life difficulty for this time period. Even though the book was very detailed, it still my interest from start to finish. Another historical book I am referencing is Documents of the Salem Witch Trials. This book is written by Eye Witness Accounts and edited by David Gross. This book was published in 2018. I am referencing this book for several reasons. The first reason is because the book came out this year, which means that potentially newer information was interpreted during the creation of this book. Another reason I chose this book as a second reference was because it has written statements directly from the prosecuted, the judges, and the other parties involved. I am also referencing A delusion of Satan: the full story of the Salem witch trials. Written by Frances Hill and published in 2002. This book seems to be more gripping than In the Devilrs Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. This book goes into further detail on individuals who were accused during the trials. The details seem more gruesome, which would potentially attract more people to read this book. This is a good starting point for basic information from the victims of the crisis in 1692. Works Cited Aasmaster. Baron Lecture Mary Beth Norton. A Place of Reading: Revolutionary Taverns, 12 Nov. 2018, www.americanantiquarian.org/baron-lecture-mary-beth-norton. Norton, Mary Beth. In the Devils Snare: the Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. Vintage, 2003. Goss, K. David. Documents of the Salem Witch Trials. ABC-CLIO, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. Hill, Frances, and Karen Armstrong. A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials. Da Capo Press, 2002. Trask, Richard B., and Bernard Rosenthal. Legal Procedures Used During the Salem Witch Trials and A Brief History of The Published Versions of The Records. Records of the Salem Witch-Hunt, pp. 44â€Å"63., Salem Witch Trials. The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia, doi:10.4135/9781452218427.n607.

Breast Cancer Awareness Outline - 516 Words

Must also include the following type of Outline. Thesis Statement and Outline What is your thesis statement? With that said, according to the statistics, it appears that Breast Cancer awareness and education is definitely focused on less with men than women for many reasons Introduction It is clear that there is plenty of awareness when it comes down to breast cancer in general. Men and women are both plagued by this disease but it appears that this chronic illness has less attention with men that women. This chronic illness comes in many forms such as breast cancer which is in both sexes. Any form of chronic illness such as breast cancer in men and women can of course be totally terrifying for the person. However, it is important to make sure that both receive equal amount of attention, considering that this is a dangerous disease. What is Breast Cancer? A. Defining breast cancer in men and women 1. The difference in men awareness 2. The difference in women and its awareness 3. How breast cancer is formed B. Dealing with a chronic illness and its awareness 1. Challenges for men 2. Challenges for women 3. The differences in men and women III. Historical Background: Where the lack of Awareness and Education Started A. History of women getting awareness over men. 1. Women first studies and their awareness 2. Lack of awareness in men throughout history 3. Historical women with breast cancer and the lack of men and its awareness B.Show MoreRelatedInformative Speech Outline-Kab Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech Outline General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform Students about The Keep-A-Breast Organization Central Idea: I’d like to inform students about The History of Keep-A-Breast Organization, Who the Keep-A-Breast Organization is, and how they get young adults interested in Prevention of Breast Cancer. Introduction I. Breast Cancer. 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Wage Determination Free Essays

Methods of Wage Determination in India 1. Fixation of wages is a recent phenomenon in India 2. There was no effective machinery until 2nd world war for settlement of disputes for fixation of wages. We will write a custom essay sample on Wage Determination or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. After independence of India, industrial relations become a major issue and there was phenomena increase in industrial dispute mostly over wages leading to substantial loss of production. 4. Realizing that industrial peace is essential for progress on industrial as well as economic front, the central govt. convened in 1947, and a tripartite conference consisting of representatives of employers, labour and government. Govt. of India formulated industrial policy resolution in 1948 where the govt. has mentioned to items which has bearing on wages †¢ statutory fixation of minimum wages †¢ Promotion of fair wages. 5. To achieve 1st objective, the minimum wages act, 1948 was passed to lay down certain norms and procedures for determination and fixation of wages by central and state govt. 6. To achieve 2nd objective govt. of India appointed in 1949, a tripartite committee on fair wages to determine the principles on which fair wages should be fixed Wages and salary incomes in India are fixed through several institutions. These are Collective bargaining †¢ Industrial wage bound †¢ Govt. appointed pay commissions †¢ Adjudication by courts tribunals 1. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING:- †¢ Collective bargaining relates to those arrangements under which wages and conditions of employments are generally decided by agreements negotiated between the parties. †¢ Broadly speaking the fol lowing factors affect the wage determination by collective bargaining process ? Alternate choices demands ? Institutional necessities ? The right and capacity to strike †¢ In a modern democratic society wages are determined by collective bargaining in contrast to individual bargaining by working. In the matter of wage bargaining, unions are primarily concerned with ? General level of wage rates ? Structure of wages rates (differential among occupations) ? Bonus, incentives and fringe benefits, Administration of wages. 2. INDUSTRIAL WAGE BOARDS:- †¢ Concept of wage board was first enunciated by committee on fair wages. †¢ It was commended by first five year plan and second five year plan also considered wage board as an acceptable machinery for setting wage disputes. †¢ Wage boards in India are of two types ? Statutory wage board ? Tripartite wage board Statutory wage board means a body set up by law or with legal authority to establish minimum wages and other standards of employment which are then legally enforceable in particular trade or industry to which board’s decision relate. Tripartite wage board means a voluntary negotiating body set up by discussions between organized employers, workers and govt. to regulate wages, working hours and related conditions of employment. †¢ Wage board decisions are not final and are subjected to either executive or judicious review or reconsideration by other authority or tribunals. The powers and procedure of wage boards are same as those industrial tribunals unsaturated under ID Act 1947. 3. PAY COMMISSIONS:- †¢ First pay commission was appointed by govt. of India in 1946 under chairmanship of justice vardachariar to enquire in to conditions of service of central govt. employees. †¢ The vardachariar commission in its report said that in no case should a mans pay less tha n living wage †¢ The 2nd pay commission was appointed in aug. 1957. and commission submits its report in 1959, examined the norms for fixing a need based minimum wage set up 15th session of ILC. †¢ Govt. f India appointed third pay commissions in 1970’s which submit its report in April 1973. In this report commission express its support for a system in which pay adjustments will occurs automatically upon an upward movement in consumer price index. †¢ After thirteen years, govt, appointed fourth central pay cimmissions under chairmanship of justice P. N. Singhal on July 26, 1983 to examine structure of all central govt. employees, including those of union territories. Officers belong to all India service and armed forces. Commission submits its report on July 30, 1986 and recommended drastic changes in pay scale. The 5th pay commission (1952-1996) made certain recommendation regarding restricting of pay scales. †¢ The 6th pay commissions was established on 2006 and committee submit its report on March 2008. 3. Adjudication Since independence adjudication has been one of the main instruments for settlement of disputes, improvement in wage scales and standardization of wages and allowances. Though courts and tribunals were primarily intended to deal with settlement of industrial disputes, in practiae, wage fixation has become an important element in their work and functioning. This is because of large of disputes concerning of wages and allowances. Numerous wage disputes in many industries have been referred for adjudication to labour courts and tribunals during past ten decades. The high courts and Supreme Court have also adjudicated upon such disputes. The awards given by these authorities not only helped in formulation of a body of principles governing wage fixation but laid foundation for present wage structure in many of major industries. Some major legislation which governs the principles of wage fixation -Minimum wages Act 1948, Payments of wages Act 1936, Equal Remuneration Act 1976, Industrial Disputes Act 1947, and Companies Act 1956. How to cite Wage Determination, Papers

Project Management Practice Free Samples †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Choose an organisation and consider project management practices the organisation. Answer: The Woodside Petroleum Limited is a production and exploration company in Australia that deals with both oil and gas globally (Curtis and Mee, 2012). In project management that entails application of methods, knowledge, processes and skills to get the suitable or anticipated goals of the project. The company has embarked in different approaches in dealing with the project management. Woodside is more of a traditional company in form of project management and only in recent years has it used a less rigid approach in project management. There are signs that technology and the organization structure are changing thus its project management has altered more so in the last decade especially in the global projects. In addition, the system of governances in the support and against the policy affecting the company has affected the project management such as the companys stance in the opposition of Rudd labor governments Carbon pollution scheme (Curtis and Mee, 2012). Woodside has implemented long term goals and short terms to push its social an economic agenda on the global platform. General Project Approach of Woodside For the, working economically is about making the wisest decision, with the goal that they can perform to their absolute best. It is a center worth installed at each level of our organization, over our quality chain and wherever we work. It is crucial to understanding Woodside vision as a worldwide pioneer in upstream oil and gas. Its approach to dealing with working reasonably underpins corporate procedure; amplifying our center, utilizing capacities and developing companys portfolio. Dealing with the material issues distinguished by Woodside partners educates the basic leadership in the company, manages its operations and empowers it to keep up its position as an accomplice of decision.Woodside capacity to react to the issues and worries of the groups where they work is vital. For it implies making the best choice by companys partners, accomplices and more extensive society and keeping them protected and sound. Similarly as vital is the need to take care of the rising demand for vi tality. The world is in the early phases of a vitality move. Woodside is focused on creating assets capably and being kind of worldwide manageability issues including environmental change and air quality. Therefore the companys trust in common gas can and requirements to assume a crucial part later on vitality blend. Development and the use of driving edge science and innovation are critical differentiators for any organization here for the long haul (Parks and Pack, 2013). Woodside capacity to advance has guaranteed its position as a pioneer in the Australian gas and oil industry for over 60 years. From deepwater penetrating to creation in remote and testing situations, Woodside coordinate world-class ecological administration into its investigation, improvement and operational exercises. Manageability needs The manageability needs are recognized and ordered into four particular viewpoints.Woodside report against these needs, including our methodology, activities and execution in our Sustainable Development Report. We report every year as per the Global the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) and Reporting Initiative (GRI). Administration Woodside methodology is fused in its arrangements, models and Code of Conduct. Woodside people group relations system empowers its partners to have a common comprehension of the reason, quality and administration way to deal with group relations rehearse over the business. It controls Woodside way to deal with groups as it look to comprehend other competitive neighbouring group issues, desires and desires through three key zones: Stakeholder engagement making partner connections outside issues-based communications to bolster long haul trust; Social sway administration giving a reliable and key way to deal w ith comprehension and relieving negative social effects and making positive social effects; and Social commitment involving commitments commanded by law or an assention and deliberate commitments (charity, associations and joint efforts). With an accentuation on adding to the important, long haul financial improvement and limit working of neighborhood groups. Woodside tax assessment approach and administration structure, together with progressing engagement with the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) and other income powers, shows companys dedication to straightforwardness and consistence with the law. The Woodside Management System gives an organized administration structure with characterized accountabilities and execution prerequisites for Woodside directors, workers and temporary workers. Woodside's supportability execution is connected to compensation for workers and administrators (Osmundsen, n.d.). Administration structure - Woodside's Board of Directors has oversight of the o rganization's administration and business exercises. The Sustainability Committee helps the Board to meet its obligations in connection to the organization's manageability approaches and hones. The council is contained five autonomous, non-official executives (Osmundsen, n.d.). Distinguishing and managing risks By comprehension and dealing with Woodside dangers, company give more noteworthy assurance to its partners, groups and environment. It perceive that danger is natural to Woodside business and that compelling administration of danger is basic to our economical future. Woodside's Board Audit and Risk Committee regulates our Risk Management Policy and is in charge of fulfilling itself that administration has created and actualized a sound arrangement of danger administration and interior control. Amid 2014, the Audit and Risk Committee evaluated the organization's danger administration system and affirmed that the structure was sound. Woodside most critical dangers, and how they are being overseen, are constantly surveyed and abridged in a corporate danger profile (Parks and Pack, 2013). It is the essential wellspring of data while deciding our material issues from an organization point of view.Organization maps to the paradigms presented in Pollack (2006) by explaining key similarities and differences (using specific example)In project management, there are mainly two types of paradigm the hard (traditional) and soft (non-traditional) paradigm (Pollack, 2015). The Woodside has mainly utilized the hard paradigm in it approaches towards the projects since its incorporation back in July 1954. In the form of the setting of goals, its mainly predefined meaning that the goals are set before the project and the expectation is that they will take the project through until its completion (Pollack, 2007). In 2006-2007, Woodside had set goals to build an onshore plant on the Burrup Peninsula as part of the Pluto LNG projects in Western Australia but it was never completed because the site is the home of petro glyphs that are over 30 thousand years old (Curtis and Mee, 2012). In problems that have emanated from the various projects, Woodside has demonstrated its ability to support problem-solving methodology similar to that of the hard paradigm (Pollack, 2007). For example, when faced by an investigation of foreign workers underpaid in April 2011, they sought the court system in dealing with the issue and never offered any document or statement on the same to the public. However, the company emphasis more on learning rather than control and it is supportive of the soft paradigm (Pollack, 2015). For example The US$1.9 billion Greater Enfield Project was endorsed for improvement in June 2016. Found 60 km off Exmouth in Western Australia inside Commonwealth waters the task will build up the Laverda Canyon, Norton over Laverda (WA-59-L) and Cimatti (WA-28-L) oil aggregations (Curtis and Mee, 2012). These stores will be created by means of a 31 km subsea attach back to the Ngujima-Yin gliding generation stockpiling and offloading (FPSO) office, situated over the Vincent oil field. The task is focusing on improvement of gross (100%) 2P stores of 69 MMboe (net Woodside offer of 41 MMboe) from the oil gatherings. Woodside holds expanded by 41 MMboe in conjunct ion with the endorsement of the task for advancement (Osmundsen, n.d.). Key to monetising this asset was Woodside closely coordinated effort with contractual workers, its reception of the most recent advances, a staged improvement approach and the utilization of existing FPSO framework. The Greater Enfield Project is expected to make a solid commitment to the WA economy and Woodside is making arrangements for a few hundred WA-based employments to be secured as a major aspect of its development, establishment, charging and operations. Woodside's ability likewise incorporate offtake administration, value audits and coordinated LNG shipping armada operation. In 2013, Woodside set up a devoted office in Singapore to bolster our developing LNG advertising, exchanging and transporting abilities. This has brought out in its decision to venture outside the Australian market having already established other affiliate companies in different countries such as Canada, Cameroon, Republic of Kore a, and many others (Labani et al., 2013). Current organizations new paradigm and its evolution as Pollack describes it The company has exhibited new paradigm in its recent announcement through the companys chief executive Peter Coleman to put on hold the offshore browse LNG project due to the recession and drop in the world oil prices. This is both solving the problem and at the same time learning that, they might in the future make significant losses if they go on with the project. In the January 2016 Woodside established long-term projects in Canada of investing US$854 million to acquire 50% stake in Apache in Kitimat LNG and its technological advancement strategies (Labani et al., 2013). This has changed the view of Woodside in project management since now its projects are long term and requires constant monitoring through technological change. This will change the structure and the shift is anticipated to bring positive impact. Notwithstanding LNG, Woodside markets unrefined petroleum, condensate, LPG and pipeline characteristic gas. It have been supplying pipeline gas to Western Australian utili ties and purchasers since 1984 (Osmundsen, n.d.). Woodside's showcasing and delivery abilities have for some time been vital to its part as a main supplier of vitality to the Asia Pacific district. Woodside solid associations with clients in real vitality markets have been kept up through a reputation of dependable conveyance and skill crosswise over contracting, promoting and exchanging. Woodside's skill likewise incorporate offtake administration, value surveys and coordinated LNG shipping armada operation. In 2013, Woodside built up a committed office in Singapore to bolster its developing LNG promoting, exchanging and dispatching abilities. Woodside keeps on building a different supply portfolio, supported by solid Australian LNG and supplemented by future Canadian and US-sourced volumes to seek after extra long haul deals courses of action (Parks and Pack, 2013). References Curtis, F. and Mee, K. (2012). Welcome to Woodside: Inverbrackie Alternative Place of Detention and performances of belonging in Woodside, South Australia, and Australia. Australian Geographer, 43(4), pp.357-375.Labani, M., Rezaee, R., Saeedi, A. and Hinai, A. (2013). Evaluation of pore size spectrum of gas shale reservoirs using low pressure nitrogen adsorption, gas expansion and mercury porosimetry: A case study from the Perth and Canning Basins, Western Australia. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 112, pp.7-16.Parks, D. and Pack, D. (2013). Design concept for implementation of a novel subsea gas dehydration process for a gas/condensate well. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 109, pp.18-25.Pollack, J. (2007). The changing paradigms of project management. International Journal of Project Management, 25(3), pp.266-274.Pollack, J. (2015). Understanding the divide between the theory and practice of organisational change. Organisational Project Management, 2(1), p.35.Osmundsen, P. (n.d.). Rate of Return Requirement for Climate versus Petroleum Projects. SSRN Electronic Journal.